Elizabeth's parents, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Walsingham had established a large spy network and was able to intercept letters of Catholic conspirators and work with an expert cryptographer to decode them. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. - I partly agree with the statement as both France and Spain were powerful Catholic countries, who could unite against Protestant England. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . Many colonists this time were poverty-stricken Londoners (it was felt they would be used to hard work and would therefore be happy to work for a new life in the New World). Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. Best Answer. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). For two weeks of the second half of November, Catholic mass was heard at Durham Cathedral too (with all evidence of Protestantism destroyed). In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. Official Oxford 2023 Postgraduate Applicants Thread. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. The Spanish invasion didnt go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. During Drakes raid, he captured more than 1000 tons of planks made from seasoned wood, which was needed to make the barrels used to carry food and water. This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. The threat of invasion was Elizabeth's main problem when she became Parma and his men, however, were being blockaded by Dutch ships and werent able to reach the coast in time. It was the arrival of Mary which also partly contributed to the revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, which had brief success. He also used double agents to infiltrate Catholic networks. [Referencing this date is very good, because it demonstrates to the examiner awareness of WHY the question includes this date in the first place. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir.
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