[45] Republican General and governor of Aguascalientes Jos Chvez was also executed after being captured in Jerez. On 14 December 1861, a Spanish fleet sailed into and took possession of the port of Veracruz. In December 1861, Emperor Napoleon III invaded Mexico on a pretext that Mexico had refused to pay its foreign debt, though in retrospect, Emperor Napoleon III wanted to expand his empire in Latin-America and this became known as the Second French intervention in Mexico. Bazaine and the last of the French troops embarked for Toulon on 12 March.[123]. [16], After the administration of Mexican President Benito Jurez placed a moratorium on foreign debt payments in 1861, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain agreed to the Convention of London, a joint effort to ensure that debt repayments from Mexico would be forthcoming. "[157], At its peak in 1863, the French expeditionary force counted 38,493 men[6] :740 (which represented 16.25% of the French army). Firstly, much of Napoleons popularity and credibility came from his emulation of his famous great-uncle Napoleon I, and he probably believed that such a bold assault on Mexico would secure this for him. Pope Innocent IV. The French-Mexican War, also called the War of the French Intervention, or the Mexican-French War, is not to be mixed up with the Pastry War, which was also a quarrel between France and Mexico. With many of Mexicos citizens and conservative governing classes deeply religious, Maximilian a member of the Catholic Hapsburg family was invited to become the first Emperor of Mexico. [144], The Imperialists now sought to break through the enemy lines and seek refuge in the mountain range of the Sierra Gorda, and possibly reach the coast. Imperialist forces pursued them and the latter city was taken on 9 December. Diaz headed south to Oaxaca and managed to increase his troops to eight thousand. Battle of Puebla | Mexican-French history [1862] | Britannica After a council at Orizaba which decided against his abdication, Maximilian intended to return to Mexico City, first remaining at Puebla for nearly three weeks, and making preparations for the campaign.
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