ENGINEERING PHYSICS -SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS PROBLEMS KEYS. Indicators of water quality: temperature, depth and conductivity Formula used: For intrinsic semiconductor, the electrical conductivity \[\sigma \] is given by \[\sigma =(ne{{\mu }_{e}}+pe{{\mu }_{h}})\] Where \[{{\mu }_{e}}\] and \[{{\mu }_{h}}\] denote the mobilities of electrons and holes respectively; n and p is the number of electrons and holes in the . Further . A liquid in a partial vacuum has a lower boiling point than when that liquid is at atmospheric pressure. Electrical conductivity of high-purity germanium crystals at low Thermal expansionis generally the tendency of matter to change its dimensions in response to a change in temperature. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. ENGINEERING PHYSICS -SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS PROBLEMS KEYS - SlideShare In n-type semiconductor pn << nn. At low temperature, no electron possesses sufficient energy to occupy the conduction band and thus no movement of charge . The heat can be removed by channeling the liquid through a heat exchanger. [1977]). K). Germanium - Thermal Properties - Melting Point - Thermal Conductivity Also, isentropic compressibility was calculated. Dense gases such as xenon and dichlorodifluoromethane have low thermal conductivity. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of single-crystal and polycrystalline high-purity germanium (HPGe) samples has been investigated in the temperature range from 7 to 100 K. This shows that electrical conductivity of a semiconductor increases with the increase of temperature, i.e., a semiconductor has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. In general,boilingis aphase changeof a substance from the liquid to the gas phase. Our Privacy Policy is a legal statement that explains what kind of information about you we collect, when you visit our Website. Semiconductor metals (or metalloids) have a higher number of valence electrons (usually four or more). Diamond electrical conductivity is approximately 0.001. The regularity of the lattice arrangement has an important effect onkph, with crystalline (well-ordered) materials likequartzhaving a higher thermal conductivity than amorphous materials like glass. At theboiling pointthe two phases of a substance, liquid and vapor, have identical free energies and therefore are equally likely to exist. I. Germanium, High Purity Germanium - Low Temperature Hall Analyses, Radial and axial impurity distribution in high-purity germanium crystals, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.12.042, Investigation of influential factors on the purification of zone-refined germanium ingot: Investigation of influential factors on the purification of zone-refined germanium ingot, Effect of annealing on contact performance and electrical properties of p-type high purity germanium single crystal, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-012-7518-x, Electrical properties of lightly doped polycrystalline silicon, Temperature dependence of carrier transport in polycrystalline silicon, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-2692(86)80133-1, The dc voltage dependence of semiconductor grainboundary resistance, On the mobility of polycrystalline semiconductors, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(80)90196-3, The Hall effect in III-V semiconductor assessment, https://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/1/3/006, A conduction model for semiconductor-grain-boundary-semiconductor barriers in polycrystalline-silicon films, Characterization of high-purity germanium (Ge) crystals for developing novel Ge detectors, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/15/10/t10010, Fabrication and characterization of high-purity germanium detectors with amorphous germanium contacts, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/02/p02019, Characterization of high-purity germanium detectors with amorphous germanium contacts in cryogenic liquids, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8235-9, Investigation of the electrical conduction mechanisms in P-type amorphous germanium electrical contacts for germanium detectors in searching for rare-event physics, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08529-z, The electrical properties and distribution of indium in germanium crystals, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2017.11.004, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, Vol.
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