Provides tips on how to read and use primary sources in historical research. During these marriages, he engaged in an affair with Nicopolis, who also was older than him. [78], When the march on Rome started, the Senate and people were appalled. [139][140], Sulla's goal now was to write his memoirs, which he finished in 78 BC, just before his death. This, along with the increase in the number of courts, further added to the power that was already held by the senators. The Gracchi, Marius, and Sulla - Primary Source Edition under Gaius Marius in the wars against the Numidian rebel Jugurtha. The Late Republic - Clarkson He then revived the office of dictator, which had been inactive since the Second Punic War, over a century before. With military and diplomatic victory, his political fortunes seemed positive. Marius, in the midst of this military crisis, sought and won repeated consulships, which upset aristocrats in the Senate; they, however, likely acknowledged the indispensability of Marius' military capabilities in defeating the Germanic invaders. [136] Sulla's reforms both looked to the past (often repassing former laws) and regulated for the future, particularly in his redefinition of maiestas (treason) laws and in his reform of the Senate. This led him to a secret deal with Marius, who had for years been coveting another military command, in which Marius would support Sulpicius' Italian legislation in exchange for a law transferring Sulla's command to Marius. Scipio's men quickly abandoned him for Sulla; finding him almost alone in his camp, Sulla tried again to persuade Scipio to defect. 106/10 The quaestor L.Sulla arrives at Marius' camp with reinforcements from Some of these historians lived at the time of the events, and therefore, may actually be primary sources, but others, especially Plutarch (CE 45-125), who covers men from multiple eras, lived later than the events they describe. [72] Sulpicius' attempts to push through the Italian legislation again brought him into violent urban conflict, although he "offered nothing to the urban plebs so it continued to resist him". Examples of tertiary sources include encyclopedias and dictionaries, chronologies, almanacs, directories, indexes, and bibliographies. The young Gaius Julius Caesar, as Cinna's son-in-law, became one of Sulla's targets, and fled the city. Sulla, hearing this, feigned an attack while instructing his men to fraternise with Scipio's army. To do so would mean total humiliation at the hands of his opponents, the end of his political career, and perhaps even further danger to his life. [155] Plutarch notes that Sulla considered that "his golden head of hair gave him a singular appearance. The Samnite and anti-Sullan commanders were then hunted down as "for all intents and purposes the civil war in Italy was over". Further, Sulla failed to frame a settlement whereby the army (following the Marian reforms allowing nonland-owning soldiery) remained loyal to the Senate, rather than to generals such as himself. A primary source is an original object or document -- the raw material or first-hand information. Primary and Secondary Sources: What's the Difference? Sulla and the proscriptions - Jerry Fielden [114], The general feeling in Italy, however, was decidedly anti-Sullan; many people feared Sulla's wrath and still held memories of his extremely unpopular occupation of Rome during his consulship. Primary Sources: The 1960s: Selma to Montgomery March (1965)
Careplus Health Plans Appeal Filing Limit, Powerdot Wrist Placement, Articles S